4.5. The L'Occitane doesn't contain lanoline, whereas Kiehl's hand cream is not paraben free. Strasbourg played an important part in the Protestant Reformation, with personalities such as John Calvin, Martin Bucer, Wolfgang Capito, Matthew and Katharina Zell, but also in other aspects of Christianity such as German mysticism, with Johannes Tauler, Pietism, with Philipp Spener, and Reverence for Life, with Albert Schweitzer. Paroles de Gaulois", "Distance entre Paris et Strasbourg en voiture", "Strasbourg Climate Strasbourg Temperatures Strasbourg Weather Averages", "Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Strasbourg", "Les climats en France - Ressources pour les enseignants - Ressources lmentaire", "Canicule de juin 2019: retour sur un pisode exceptionnel", "Record de froid: -15 degrs Strasbourg cette nuit", "Daily measurements for Strasbourg and Alsace", "Outlines of the urban transportation policy led by the urban community of Strasbourg", "Normes et records 19611990: Strasbourg-Entzheim (67) altitude 150m", "Muse Archologique - Strasbourg De la Prhistoire au Moyen-ge en Alsace", "Strasbourg - Eglise protestante Saint-Thomas", "Parc de la Citadelle with remains of the Vauban fortress", "Antiquits gyptiennes Muse Archologique", "The Christmas Markets: a success story dating back to 1570", Strasbourg ouvre une grande mdiathque sur le port, "La bibliothque ancienne du Grand Sminaire", "Europe's New Trams Are Reviving a Golden Age of Transit", "Strasbourg: une bauche de ZAD contre le projet de grand contournement ouest", "Strasbourg Public Transportation Statistics", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "List of international institutions in Strasbourg", "Comparative Law Academy: the ECHR and the FCC", "Cache Numismatics - All Things Numismatic", "British towns twinned with French towns", "Wolfgng Amadeus Mozart: Konzert fr Violine und Orchester in D-Dur, KV 218", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&oldid=1120074605, Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 19611990), Prints and drawings until 1871 are displayed in the, Artefacts from Ancient Egypt are on display in two entirely different collections, one in the. Strasbourg is divided into the following districts:[31]. Powerful-Strength Line-Reducing Concentrate 12.5% Vitamin C. [76] The women's tennis Internationaux de Strasbourg is one of the most important French tournaments of its kind outside Roland-Garros. Next to the Ponts Couverts is the Barrage Vauban, a part of Vauban's 17th-century fortifications, that does include a covered bridge. Retrouvez toutes les informations du rseau TER Grand Est : horaires des trains, trafic en temps rel, achats de billets, offres et services en gare The city has many bridges, including the medieval and four-towered Ponts Couverts that, despite their name, are no longer covered. Strasbourg is considered the legislative and democratic capital of the European Union, while Brussels is considered the executive and administrative capital and Luxembourg the judiciary and financial capital.[75]. The port of Strasbourg is the second-largest on the Rhine after Duisburg in Germany, and the second-largest river port in France after Paris. The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several htels particuliers (i.e. The third highest temperature ever recorded was 39.5C (103.1F) in August 2003, during the 2003 European heat wave. 2,120,[62] Mdiathque de la ville et de la communaut urbaine de Strasbourg, 349,[63] Bibliothque du Grand Sminaire, 238,[64] Mdiathque protestante, 66,[65] and Bibliothque alsatique du Crdit Mutuel, 5.[66]. Strasbourg is the seat of the following organisations, among others: France and Germany have created a Eurodistrict straddling the Rhine, combining the Greater Strasbourg and the Ortenau district of Baden-Wrttemberg, with some common administration. [71] After much delay, the GCO was finally inaugurated on 11 December 2021. Joshy's house - a venue for performance poetry and freestyle urban music. [62] After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch. Serum. Strasbourg - Wikipedia While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. Other bridges are the ornate 19th-century Pont de la Fonderie (1893, stone) and Pont d'Auvergne (1892, iron), as well as architect Marc Mimram's futuristic Passerelle over the Rhine, opened in 2004. [8] Strasbourg is one of the de facto four main capitals of the European Union (alongside Brussels, Luxembourg and Frankfurt), as it is the seat of several European institutions, such as the European Parliament, the Eurocorps and the European Ombudsman of the European Union. The collections in Strasbourg are distributed over a wide range of museums, according to a system that takes into account not only the types and geographical provenances of the items, but also the epochs. Strasbourg (UK: /strzbr/,[4] US: /strsbr, strz-, -br/,[5] French:[stasbu] (listen); German: Straburg [tasbk] (listen); Bas Rhin Alsatian: Strossburi [dsbui] (listen), Haut Rhin Alsatian: Strossburig[6] [dsbui] (listen)) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the European Parliament. In chronological order, notable people born in Strasbourg include: Eric of Friuli, Johannes Tauler, Sebastian Brant, Jean Baptiste Klber, Louis Ramond de Carbonnires, Franois Christophe Kellermann, Marie Tussaud, Ludwig I of Bavaria, Charles Frdric Gerhardt, Louis-Frdric Schtzenberger, Gustave Dor, mile Waldteufel, Ren Beeh, Jean/Hans Arp, Charles Mnch, Hans Bethe, Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont, Marcel Marceau, Tomi Ungerer, Elizabeth Sombart, Arsne Wenger, Petit and Matt Pokora. [70] The GCO project was opposed by environmentalists, who created a ZAD (or Zone to Defend). It is also home to the largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque. A six stories high "Grande bibliothque", the Mdiathque Andr Malraux, was inaugurated on 19 September 2008 and is considered the largest in Eastern France. In the square is a statue of Klber, under which is a vault containing his remains. In chronological order, notable residents of Strasbourg include: Johannes Gutenberg, Hans Baldung, Martin Bucer, John Calvin, Joachim Meyer, Johann Carolus, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Georg Bchner, Louis Pasteur, Ferdinand Braun, Albrecht Kossel, Georg Simmel, Albert Schweitzer, Otto Klemperer, Marc Bloch, Alberto Fujimori, Marjane Satrapi, Paul Ricur and Jean-Marie Lehn. Strasbourg's links with the rest of France have improved due to its recent connection to the TGV network, with the first phase of the TGV Est (ParisStrasbourg) in 2007, the TGV Rhin-Rhne (Strasbourg-Lyon) in 2012, and the second phase of the TGV Est in July 2016. [9] The city is the seat of many non-European international institutions such as the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights. It was also one of the first centres of the printing industry with pioneers such as Johannes Gutenberg, Johannes Mentelin, and Heinrich Eggestein. This routes well to the west of the city in order to divest a significant portion of motorized traffic from the unit urbaine. [30] In 1262, the citizens violently rebelled against the bishop's rule (Battle of Hausbergen) and Strasbourg became a free imperial city. Notable squares of the German district include Place de la Rpublique, Place de l'Universit, Place Brant, and Place Arnold. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 958,421 inhabitants. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style. [25], The Roman camp of Argentoratum was first mentioned in 12 BC; the city of Strasbourg which grew from it celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1988. [11] Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second-largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. Notable streets of the German district include: Avenue de la Fort Noire, Avenue des Vosges, Avenue d'Alsace, Avenue de la Marseillaise, Avenue de la Libert, Boulevard de la Victoire, Rue Sellnick, Rue du Gnral de Castelnau, Rue du Marchal Foch, and Rue du Marchal Joffre. Precipitation is elevated in the winter months, but there is also a peak during May and June, which is related to a few thunderstorms happening in that time. According to a 1444 census, the population was circa 20,000; only one third less than Cologne, then a major European city.[52]. Among the numerous secular medieval buildings, the monumental Ancienne Douane (old custom-house) stands out. Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande le (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988, with the newer "Neustadt" being added to the site in 2017. Together with Basel (Bank for International Settlements), Geneva (United Nations), The Hague (International Court of Justice) and New York City (United Nations world headquarters), Strasbourg is among the few cities in the world that is not a state capital that hosts international organisations of the first order. Strasbourg also has its own airport, serving major domestic destinations as well as international destinations in Europe and northern Africa. In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque glise Saint-tienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids; the part-Romanesque, part-Gothic, very large glise Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played;[32][33] the Gothic glise protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century; the Gothic glise Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture; the Gothic glise Saint-Jean; the part-Gothic, part-Art Nouveau glise Sainte-Madeleine etc. Strasbourg is situated at the eastern border of France with Germany. Serum. This section of the Rhine valley is a major axis of northsouth travel, with river traffic on the Rhine itself, and major roads and railways paralleling it on both banks. [20] The city has hot, sunny summers and cool, overcast winters. Immortelle Reset Overnight Reset Oil-In Serum. The city is some 397 kilometres (247mi) east of Paris. The historic core of Strasbourg, however, lies on the Grande le in the river Ill, which here flows parallel to, and roughly 4 kilometres (2.5mi) from, the Rhine. Strasbourg has a humid subtropical climate (Kppen: Cfa),[18][19] though with less maritime influence than the milder climates of Western and Southern France. Notable medieval streets include Rue Mercire, Rue des Dentelles, Rue du Bain aux Plantes, Rue des Juifs, Rue des Frres, Rue des Tonneliers, Rue du Maroquin, Rue des Charpentiers, Rue des Serruriers, Grand' Rue, Quai des Bateliers, Quai Saint-Nicolas and Quai Saint-Thomas. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the cole internationale des Pontonniers (the former Hhere Mdchenschule, with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles[35] and the Haute cole des arts du Rhin with its lavishly ornate faade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.[36]. [45], The commune of Strasbourg proper had a population of 287,228 on 1 January 2019,[7] the result of a constant moderate annual growth which is also reflected in the constant growth of the number of students at its university (e. g. from 42,000 students in 2010 to 52,000 students in 2019). Between 362 and 1262, Strasbourg was governed by the bishops of Strasbourg; their rule was reinforced in 873 and then more in 982. The Jardin des deux Rives, spread over Strasbourg and Kehl on both sides of the Rhine opened in 2004 and is the most extended (60-hectare) park of the agglomeration. Gregory of Tours was the first to mention the name change: in the tenth book of his History of the Franks written shortly after 590 he said that Egidius, Bishop of Reims, accused of plotting against King Childebert II of Austrasia in favor of his uncle King Chilperic I of Neustria, was tried by a synod of Austrasian bishops in Metz in November 590, found guilty and removed from the priesthood, then taken "ad Argentoratensem urbem, quam nunc Strateburgum vocant" ("to the city of Argentoratum, which they now call Strateburgus"), where he was exiled.[16]. Some other notable dates were the years 357 (Battle of Argentoratum), 842 (Oaths of Strasbourg), 1538 (establishment of the university), 1605 (world's first newspaper printed by Johann Carolus), 1792 (La Marseillaise), and 1889 (pancreatic origin of diabetes discovered by Minkowski and Von Mering). After the fifth century CE the city became known by a completely different name, later Gallicized as Strasbourg (Lower Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straburg). The airport is linked to the Gare de Strasbourg by a frequent train service. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts the Fused Grid. [61], As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula books printed before 1500 in its library as one of its most precious heritages: no less than 7,000. "[60], The municipal library Bibliothque municipale de Strasbourg (BMS) administrates a network of ten medium-sized librairies in different areas of the town. With 19 Nobel prizes in total, Strasbourg is the most eminent French university outside of Paris. L'Occitane. Strasbourg has been the seat of European Institutions since 1949: first of the International Commission on Civil Status and of the Council of Europe, later of the European Parliament, of the European Science Foundation, of Eurocorps, and others as well. [12], Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. In 2016, Strasbourg was promoted from capital of Alsace to capital of Grand Est. That name is of Germanic origin and means 'town (at the crossing) of roads'. An organization separate from the European Union, the Council of Europe (with its European Court of Human Rights, its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines most commonly known in French as "Pharmacope Europenne", and its European Audiovisual Observatory) is also located in the city. [10] It is the second city in France in terms of international congress and symposia, after Paris. That Gaulish name is a compound of -rati, the Gaulish word for fortified enclosures, cognate to the Old Irish rth (see ringfort) and arganto(n)- (cognate to Latin argentum, which gave modern French argent), the Gaulish word for silver, but also any precious metal, particularly gold, suggesting either a fortified enclosure located by a river gold mining site, or hoarding gold mined in the nearby rivers.[15]. The city is chiefly known for its sandstone Gothic Cathedral with its famous astronomical clock, and for its medieval cityscape of Rhineland black and white timber-framed buildings, particularly in the Petite France district or Gerberviertel ("tanners' district") alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned Maison Kammerzell stands out. $59.00 / size: 1 oz. The Grand contournement ouest (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, planned to construct a 24-kilometre-long (15mi) highway connection between the junctions of the A4 and the A35 autoroutes in the north and of the A35 and A352 autoroutes in the south. The modern Stras- is cognate with the German Strae and English street, both derived from Latin strata ("paved road"), while -bourg is cognate with the German Burg and English borough, both derived from Proto-Germanic *burgz ("hill fort, fortress"). palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (completed 1742, used for university purposes from 1872 to 1895,[34] now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. In 1922, Strasbourg was the venue for the XVI Grand Prix de l'A.C.F. 7% of travellers on public transport travel for more than 2 hours every day. [7] Strasbourg's metropolitan area had a population of 846,450 in 2018,[3] making it the eighth-largest metro area in France and home to 14% of the Grand Est region's inhabitants. which saw Fiat battle Bugatti, Ballot, Rolland Pilain, and Britain's Aston Martin and Sunbeam. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines, Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine, Jardin botanique de l'Universit de Strasbourg, Muse Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration, Strasbourg European Fantastic Film Festival, The Strasbourg International Film Festival, Institut d'tudes politiques de Strasbourg, Institut national des sciences appliques, Institut suprieur europen de gestion group, cole europenne de chimie, polymres et matriaux, cole pour l'informatique et les techniques avances, cole pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies, Institut national des tudes territoriales, Institut international d'tudes franaises, cole nationale du gnie de l'eau et de l'environnement de Strasbourg, Centre universitaire d'enseignement du journalisme, cole nationale suprieure de physique de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg Notable academics and alumni, Observatory of Strasbourg Notable astronomers, List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg, List of twin towns and sister cities in France, The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, "Unit urbaine 2020 de Strasbourg (partie franaise) (67701)", "Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Strasbourg (partie franaise) (010)", "Populations lgales en vigueur compter du 1er janvier 2022", Institut national de la statistique et des tudes conomiques, "The international institute of Human Rights", "France Vows to Kick out Islamic Troublemakers", "Port de Strasbourg: le trafic chute de 26% en 2018, plus bas historique", "Quand l'argent tait d'or.

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